The Green Revolution

 The Green Revolution began in Mexico in the early 1960s. American agronomist Norman Borlong conducted research on wheat weeds in Mexico with the support of a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship. As a result, high yielding wheat varieties were created. That is why Norman Borlong is known as the father of the global green revolution. A similar effort in India by M.S. Swaminathan Bha Ratadesha is known as the Father of Green Revolution due to Swaminathan's leadership. Willing S. Gand coined the term Green Revolution to refer to this sudden increase in agricultural production at the International Development Conference in Germany in 1968.

The Green Revolution is a set of changes that transformed subsistence agriculture into an industry by innovating among farmers to use high-yielding sorghum with other agricultural products to increase production in the agricultural sector. This new farming strategy is not by using one product but by using several products together which is known as package program. The production of food grains increased significantly due to this new agricultural strategy. That is why it is also called Green Revolution.

effect

After 1966, the production of food grains, especially wheat, increased drastically. That is why green revolution in the country is also known as wheat revolution, hybrid seeds, fertilizers and pesticides revolution. Luster Brown called it the Agricultural Revolution. Among these, the highest increase was seen in wheat. Rice production grew slowly at the start of the Green Revolution but picked up later. The average rice production in the Third Plan was 35 million tonnes and by the 11th Plan it reached 106 million tonnes. During the same period wheat increased from 11 to 93 million tonnes. If we look at the percentage of wheat in rice, it is increasing day by day. sorghum Production of coarse grains like bajra and maize increased slowly. As far as pulses are concerned, it has remained roughly constant.

Second Green Revolution - 2006

In 2006, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh called for a second green revolution. In addition to the five recommendations suggested by the Swaminathan Commission, one more  Both were suggested by the Prime Minister. 1. Use of science and biotechnology for seed breeding 2. Use of science to increase livestock productivity. The first green revolution benefited the landlords and big farmers. 

Metta area No grain was given. That is why the second green revolution benefited the marginal farmers and small farmers. It is suggested to use biological fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers and bio-pesticides instead of insecticides. Biotechnologies in Seed Development

The use of G is suggested in this. Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern India was launched in 2010-11 as part of the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, giving priority to increasing crop productivity in eastern India.

National Policy – 2007

National Policy on Farmers was announced in 2007 keeping in mind the recommendations of the appointed National Agriculture Commission on Farmers and the recommendations made by the State Governments. Farmers should focus on crop production and productivity as well as their economic welfare. Farmers should focus on using BT and IT. Farmers should be provided with quality seeds, credit and insurance.

Evergreen Revolution

Swaminathan, President of the National Agriculture Commission, has called for the introduction of Evescreen Revolution to increase the production of food grains in the country from 210 million tonnes to 420 million tonnes. Along with scientific and technical methods, organic farming methods should be encouraged.

Tri Color Revolution

In 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that tricolor revolution should be given priority. Protein rich pulses, livestock, welfare, solar energy, consumption as well as clean water and welfare of fishermen were given priority.

The White Revolution

It was taken up by the National Dairy Development Board in the 1970s. The White Revolution was successful under Vargi Kurian. The intensive cattle development program in 1964-65 led to an increase in milk production due to the introduction of superior cattle. Production of 17 million tonnes in 1950-51 has increased to 198.4 million tonnes by 2019-20. India is the largest producer of milk in the world. The per capita availability of milk in 2019-20 was 407 grams.

Yellow Revolution

It aims to achieve self-sufficiency in oilseed production. In 1985-86 the National Oiled Development Project was started. In 1986 Technology Mission on Oilseeds was started for processing in oilseed production. It was started under the guidance of Shyam Pitroda, Rajiv Gandhi's scientific advisor.

Agricultural policies

At the beginning of independence we had to depend on foreign countries for food grains. Food grains had to be imported from America under PL 480. In this context, the central government has taken appropriate measures to achieve self-sufficiency in the production of food grains. The Green Revolution was achieved by using high-yielding sorghum as a substitute for other agricultural products. From time to time national agricultural policies were introduced and not only achieved self-sufficiency in foodgrain production but also surplus. The country's first National Agricultural Policy was announced in 1993. The main objective is to increase the annual growth rate of agricultural production from 2.6 percent to 3.5 percent. Its objective is to provide marketing facilities in the agricultural sector, strengthen cooperative societies and increase the participation of non-governmental organizations.

National Agricultural Policy- 2000

The National Agricultural Policy was announced on 28 July 2000. It is compliant with WTO norms. Achieving growth of 4 percent and above in the next two decades, implementation of insurance under one umbrella, promotion of private investments and priority for creation of new industries. Conducting research in paddy cultivation systems such as Shri.

National Farmers Commission - 2004

The National Farmers Commission was appointed in 2004 under the chairmanship of Ms. Swamina Than to formulate a suitable action plan for the agricultural sector for the farmers. Landless agricultural labourers, tenants, marginal farmers, small farmers, large farmers and livestock rearing farmers should also be considered as farmers. The Action Plan for Agricultural Restoration was announced in five sections. They are.. 1. Improving soil fertility 2. Conserving water 3. Providing credit and insurance facilities 4. Linking production and post-production activities 5. Reducing the gap between the price received by the producer and the price paid by the consumer. In line with Swaminathan's recommendations, the government on 1 June 2006 declared 2006-07 as the Year of Agricultural Revival.